Every six months, your female dog will enter a Dog Heat Cycle. If you don’t want her to have puppies, you should keep her away from other dogs for 1-2 weeks after her period ends. The heat cycle (also known as the estrous cycle) is different from the monthly menstrual cycle in humans. During this period, it’s important to closely monitor and care for your dog to ensure her health.
Most female dogs begin their heat cycle between 6-12 months, depending on the breed. Smaller dogs may start earlier than larger ones. When your dog enters her first heat, it’s advisable to keep a record of it to track when the next cycle will occur.
4 Stages of the Female Dog Estrous Cycle
1. Proestrus (Pre-Estrus): This stage lasts about 9 days, marked by increased estrogen levels. During this time, the female dog won’t accept male dogs but may show signs of heat.
2. Estrus (Heat): Lasting around 9 days, this is when ovulation occurs. The dog is fertile and may accept male dogs for breeding.
3. Diestrus (Post-Estrus): This phase lasts approximately 2 months. Progesterone remains high, but the dog will no longer accept male advances.
4. Anestrus (Rest Period): This resting phase continues until the next heat cycle begins.
Signs of Heat in a Pubescent Female Dog
Veterinarians indicate that female dogs typically have their period 1-2 times a year, starting around 9-12 months old. The frequency can vary depending on the breed and size. Unlike primates, dogs do not undergo menopause and can continue to cycle and conceive throughout their lives. However, the intervals between heat cycles are longer compared to primates.
The dog’s heat cycle includes phases such as Proestrus, Estrus, and Diestrus. Each phase involves different hormonal changes:
- Estrogen: Initiates the heat cycle
- Luteinizing Hormone (LH): Triggers ovulation
- Progesterone: Maintains pregnancy
Proestrus – Before Your Dog Heat Cycle
Proestrus, or the pre-heat stage, lasts an average of 9 days but can range from 4-15 days. During this stage, the dog’s vulva begins to swell, and there may be a brownish-red discharge. Although most dogs won’t accept male advances during this period, there are exceptions, which can lead to missed breeding opportunities.
Estrus – During Your Dog Heat Cycle
Estrus, or the true heat stage, lasts about 8 days, though it can vary from 3-21 days. During this phase, the dog’s vulva softens, and she becomes more receptive to males. This is the optimal time for breeding.
Diestrus – After Your Dog Heat Cycle
Diestrus is the stage following heat, where the female dog will not accept males. This phase can last between 50-80 days. Whether or not the dog is pregnant, the body will respond as if it is.
Signs That the Estrous Cycle Is Beginning
- Mood Changes: Some dogs may become more sensitive.
- Swollen Nipples: The nipples and breasts may swell slightly.
- Male Interest: Male dogs may approach earlier due to the scent changes in the female.
- Raised Tail: When ready to mate, the female will raise her tail and allow males to sniff her vulva.
- Swollen Vulva: The vulva may swell, though this varies between dogs.
- Bleeding: Typically the most obvious sign of the heat cycle. The blood will change color over the weeks.
- Vulva Changes: The vulva swells and changes position to make mating easier.
Important Considerations When Your Dog Is in Heat
- Monitor Carefully: Ensure no unintended pregnancies occur.
- Be Gentle: Your dog may feel discomfort before the heat.
- Avoid Bathing: Do not bathe until the bleeding stops to prevent infections.
- Use Dog Diapers: To keep your home clean.
- Consider Spaying: After the first heat cycle, spaying might be an option.
- Consider: Breed Heat – Breeding & Reproductive Supplement for Dogs
Dog Heat Cycle Supplement for Dogs, Check on Amazon
Testing for Brucellosis Before Breeding
Before breeding, have your dog tested for Brucellosis, a sexually transmitted disease that can cause infertility. It’s recommended to breed after the third heat cycle, around 1.5 to 2 years old, to ensure the dog’s health and readiness.
